soal Reading

 B.Inggris  Reading

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make

an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in,

involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization

compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how

(5 )similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield

optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact

format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.

Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all

possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be

(10) affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration

or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to

reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these

values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best

decision.

(15) Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to

choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a

pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more

variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average,

people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be

(20) especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex

relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will

I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized

training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that

(25) will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between

long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different

decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student

might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a

successful career?”

Question 1

What does the passage mainly discuss?.....D

A.     Research on how people make decisions

B.     Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

C.     A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

D.     A tool to assist in making complex decisions

Question 2

The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to….A

A.      Fundamental

B.      Changeable

C.     Beneficial

D.     Introductory

Question 3

The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to….B

A.      Preceding

B.      Relevant

C.     Insightful

D.     Responsive

Question 4

Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?......B

A.      Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

B.      Writing down all possible solutions

C.     Deciding which consequences are most important

D.     Listing the consequences of each solution

Question 5

According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that……D

A.      Has the fewest variables to consider

B.      Uses the most decision worksheets

C.     Is agreed to by the greatest number of people

D.     Has the most points assigned to it

Question 6

The author develops the discussion in paragraph I by means of….C

A.    Classifying types of worksheets

B.     Explaining a theory

C.     Describing a process

D.    Providing historical background

Question 7

The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once (lines 18-19) to explain that….C

A.    Some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

B.     People can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

C.     Human mental capacity has limitations

D.    Most decisions involve seven steps

Question 8

The word "succinct "in line 24 is closest in meaning to…..C

A.    Personal

B.     Creative

C.    Concise

D.    Satisfactory

Question 9

Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?......A

A.    Optimal ( line 6 )

B.     Proponents ( line 5 )

C.     Variables ( line 18 )

D.    Long-range goals ( line 26 )

Question 10

The word "it" in line 25 refers to….B

A.    Distinction

B.     Problem

C.     Decision

D.    worksheet